Climate extremes refer to abnormal or extreme weather events and patterns that deviate significantly from the usual weather conditions in a given region. These can include heatwaves, droughts, heavy rainfall, floods, hurricanes, and other severe weather events that have the potential to cause widespread damage and disruption. Climate extremes are often associated with climate change and are becoming more frequent and intense in many parts of the world. Studying climate extremes can help scientists better understand their causes, predict future occurrences, and develop strategies to mitigate their impacts on society and the environment.